The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.